In order to study the influence of buckle anchor cable failure on structural performance during the construction of long-span cantilever pouring arch bridge, taking Guizhou Yashiqing Bridge as the engineering background, six representative working conditions under the maximum cantilever state were selected to study the influence of single buckle anchor cable failure on the stress variation law of the main arch ring. On this basis, in order to solve the computational complexity caused by the large number of anchor cables in the study of structural response analysis, this paper proposes a failure solving program for anchor cables based on improved strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm ( SPEA2 ). The SPEA2 algorithm mainly includes two parts : the population used to search for new solutions and the external solution set file to store the Pareto optimal solution generated by each cycle. The main idea of this paper is to improve the external solution set file. The local search technology is carried out by copying the operation of the external solution set file and the method of adaptively adjusting the size of the external solution set file is designed to optimize the performance of the algorithm. The ANSYS and MATLAB are used to realize the solution program of the failure structure response of the buckle anchor cable. Taking the failure state of the buckle anchor cable under the maximum cantilever state as the design variable, and the ratio of the cable force of the failed buckle anchor cable to the maximum tensile stress of the main arch ring section as the objective function, the global automatic optimization analysis of the influence of the failure of the buckle anchor cable on the stress of the main arch ring is carried out by this algorithm. Considering the simultaneous failure of the anchor cable, the minimum failure number of the anchor cable under the ultimate value of the tensile stress of the main arch ring and the failure condition of the anchor cable reaching the ultimate stress are studied. The results show that the stress changes of the main arch ring caused by the failure of the anchor cable at different positions are different, and the structural response of the failure of the long cable with larger cable force is greater. The improved SPEA2 algorithm has better uniformity for the optimal solution of the problem. Under the limited stress, the maximum vulnerability condition is the failure of two buckles in the 14 # segment, and the minimum vulnerability condition is the failure of the upstream JSMS16 #. Considering the actual construction situation, the number of buckle anchor cable failure shall not exceed 2, if the most affected position buckle anchor cable failure may appear the main arch ring tensile stress overrun.