As one of the common diseases of asphalt pavement, rutting has a significant impact on the service life and traffic safety of the pavement. Mild rutting in asphalt pavement during preventive maintenance can lead to increased usage of maintenance materials due to rutting deformation. Whether maintenance design can accurately calculate the amount of material used to fill ruts is of great significance for ensuring maintenance quality and efficiency. Based on the requirements of physical maintenance engineering and the analysis of the problems in maintenance design based on traditional rut detection methods and data, this article proposes a digital holographic 3D detection assisted design method for asphalt pavement rut prevention and maintenance. By utilizing digital holographic 3D detection technology, we comprehensively obtain continuous high-precision 3D data of the road surface and establish a 3D model. Through simulation and simulation, we accurately calculate the amount of materials used to fill ruts and effectively improve the accuracy of preventive maintenance. Through physical engineering verification, the results show that the asphalt pavement rut prevention and maintenance auxiliary design method based on digital holographic 3D detection can achieve a negative deviation of material usage for rut prevention and maintenance within 5%. Compared with maintenance design based on traditional detection methods and data (with a negative deviation of material usage exceeding 50%), the effect is significant.