In order to solve the problems such as more damage to pier concrete caused by the wall attachment of guide rail and low efficiency in traditional hydraulic climbing construction, a new type of hydraulic climbing structure suitable for hollow thin-wall high pier construction was designed based on Miaolu River Bridge project of Zhengzhou-Luoyang Expressway. To ensure the safety of the structure during construction, a finite element model of the climbing structure was established using Midas Civil to analyze the stress and deformation of components such as formwork, climbing formwork frame, construction operation platform, and support bracket, moreover, the stability of the structure was checked finally. The results show that the maximum combined stress of the formwork panel is 16.85MPa, the maximum combined stress of transverse and vertical ribs are 89.18MPa and 153.52MPa, and the maximum deformation of the formwork are 4.60mm and 3.68mm, both meeting the requirements. The maximum stresses of the climbing formwork frame and the construction operation platform are 162.16MPa and 122.97MPa respectively, which are both less than the yield strength of Q235 steel, and the maximum deformations are 7.63mm and 7.98mm, meeting the requirements. The support brackets are anchored to the pier body through bolts. The stability and safety factor are calculated according to the maximum reaction force when the climbing formwork structure is completed, and the results are within the specified range. During actual construction, the new hydraulic climbing structure relied on four vertical hydraulic devices setting on the support brackets to complete the climbing, making it simpler and easier to operate, and this improves construction efficiency.