This article aims to investigate the low-temperature crack resistance performance of asphalt mixtures under different aging and loading rates, and select appropriate indicators to accurately characterize and quantify their performance. The study, based on the semi-circular bending test, investigated the influence of different aging degrees (unaged, short-term aged, long-term aged for three days, long-term aged for five days) and different loading rates (50 mm/min, 5 mm/min, 0.5 mm/min, 0.1 mm/min) on the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. The evaluation effect and applicable range of 5 crack resistance performance indicators, including fracture energy (Gf), stress intensity factor (KIC), flexibility index (FI), crack resistance index (CRI), and balanced cracking index (BCI), were studied through variance analysis and variability analysis. The results indicate that aging decreases the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. After short-term aging, the Gf decreased by approximately 23%. As the degree of aging deepens, it decreases by about 6% and 3%, respectively. As the loading rate increases, the evaluation effect of FI and BCI deteriorates. Conducting a semi-circular bending test at a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. The results of variance analysis and variability analysis indicate that Gf and CRI can significantly characterize the influence of aging and loading rate on the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. The variability of the FI and BCI is significantly higher than the other three indicators. Hence, the article recommends selecting Gf and CRI from the semi-circular bending test as more reasonable indicators for evaluating the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures.