To improve the efficiency and safety of road construction and address problems such as harsh environments, unstable construction quality, and high labor costs in traditional road construction, a technical framework for unmanned roller cluster operations was proposed. The framework consists of three modules: underlying hardware control, trajectory planning calculation, and cooperative operation scheduling, realizing unmanned compaction operations for the roller cluster. Specifically, the underlying hardware control module achieves unmanned control, positioning, and communication by retrofitting active rollers; the trajectory planning calculation module is used to plan the operation trajectories of unmanned rollers; the cooperative operation scheduling module coordinates the operation process of the roller cluster. Field test results indicate that the average trajectory error of the unmanned single-drum roller based on this framework is 6.3 cm, and that of the unmanned double-drum roller is 14.3 cm. The study shows that the framework can effectively ensure the precise path-tracking operations of unmanned rollers, maintain the stable execution of cooperative operation schemes, effectively improve construction efficiency, reduce labor costs, and provide strong support for smart road construction.