To solve the problems of difficult compaction and high porosity of steel slag asphalt concrete, a rotary compactor was used to analyze the compaction characteristics of steel slag asphalt concrete from the aspects of gradation, compaction temperature, and compaction energy index. By conducting orthogonal experiments in the test section, the influence of paving speed, vibration frequency of the screed, and vibration compaction rate of the hammer on the compaction degree of paving was analyzed, and the paving construction parameters of steel slag asphalt concrete were optimized. Research shows that the use of a median finer gradation can accelerate compaction rate, and it is recommended to control the percent passing the 2.36 mm sieve between 37% and 50% to reduce compaction energy consumption. An appropriate increase in the compaction temperature can improve both the compaction speed and degree, and a compaction temperature of 165 °C is recommended. During the paving process, the vibration frequency and paving speed of the screed have the greatest impact on the compaction degree of paving. The optimal combined parameters for paving construction of steel slag asphalt concrete are a vibration compaction rate of 12 Hz, a vibration frequency of 35 Hz, and a paving speed of 2 m/min.