In order to compare the water permeability performance of asphalt mixtures with different void ratios after scouring and clogging, self-developed equipment was adopted to conduct vertical water permeability tests, dynamic water scouring-based water permeability tests, water pressure tests, and simulated clogging tests on semi-open-graded DK-13 mixtures with void ratios of 9%, 11%, and 13%, as well as open-graded PA-13 mixtures with void ratios of 15%, 17%, and 19%. The experimental results show that: ① The water permeability performance of the asphalt mixture becomes better as the void ratio increases. The water permeability coefficient changes relatively small after the void ratio of the asphalt mixture reaches 15%, which is attributed to the fact that the water pressure curves on the top and bottom of the specimens basically overlap; ② The initial water permeability performance of semi-open-graded asphalt mixtures is much weaker than that of open-graded asphalt mixtures, and the water permeability performance still follows this regularity after dynamic water scouring and clogging test; ③ Semi-open-graded asphalt mixture is more prone to clogging, and the degree is more severe. The water permeability coefficient of asphalt mixture with a void ratio of 13% changes the most after scouring. It can be seen that scouring makes asphalt mixtures more easily suffer from water permeability, while clogging makes the opposite regularity. The asphalt mixture with a void ratio of 13% is most affected by scouring.