This article aims to investigate the low-temperature crack resistance performance of asphalt mixtures under different aging conditions and loading rates and select appropriate indicators to accurately characterize and quantify their performance. Based on the semi-circular bending test, the influence of different aging degrees (unaged, short-term aged, long-term aged for three days, and long-term aged for five days) and loading rates (50 mm/min, 5 mm/min, 0.5 mm/min, and 0.1 mm/min) on the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures was investigated. The evaluation effect and applicable range of five crack resistance performance indicators, namely fracture energy (G_f), stress intensity factor (K_IC), flexibility index (I_FI), crack resistance index (I_CRI), and balanced cracking index (I_BCI), were studied through variance analysis and variability analysis. The results indicate that aging significantly decreases the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. After short-term aging, G_f decreases by approximately 26%, and as the degree of aging deepens, it continues to decrease at an attenuation rate of about 3%. As the loading rate increases, the evaluation effectiveness of I_FI and I_BCI deteriorates. Conducting the semi-circular bending test at a loading rate of 0.1 mm/min provides a more comprehensive evaluation of the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. The results of variance analysis and variability analysis indicate that G_f and I_CRI can significantly characterize the influence of aging and loading rate on the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. The variability of I_FI and I_BCI is significantly higher than that of the other three indicators. Hence, it is recommended to adopt G_f and I_CRI from the semi-circular bending test as more reasonable indicators for evaluating the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures.