In order to improve the deformation coordination between the built-in strain sensors and asphalt mixtures, high-modulus fine aggregate asphalt mixture AC-5 and conventional asphalt surface mixture AC-13 were used as the base materials, and specimens were molded with built-in resistive strain sensors. Uniaxial compression, uniaxial tension, and four-point bending step-by-step loading tests were carried out in conjunction with digital image correlation (DIC). A finite element model verified by hypothesis testing was established to analyze the influence of high-modulus transition materials on deformation coordination under different working conditions such as burial depth of strain gauge, load size, and load type. The results show that under various types of loads, compared with that of the AC-13 asphalt mixture, the measured strain data of the sensors in the AC-5 high-modulus asphalt mixture is closer to the measured data of DIC, and the measurement error is smaller and more stable. The specimens will have different measurement deviations when subjected to compression and tension, and the high-modulus asphalt mixture has some improvement in the deviation. In terms of the three influencing factors including burial depth of strain gage, load size, load size, and load type, the AC-5 high-modulus asphalt mixture has different degrees of improvement on the coordinated deformation performance of the strain gage compared with the AC-13 asphalt mixture.